There
are several funding schemes which are provided within the United States in
order to support business organizations in their transactions. They provide
capital for entrepreneurs to boost their businesses, and pay at a later date.
This enables many businesses to become successful since the government helps
them to stabilize their operations(Hadzima, 2010). Below are some of the ways through
which business financing occurs;
a) Small
Business Administration Loans
Small
Business Administration is an American Agency which ensures that the welfare of
small businesses is maintained. This is achieved through supporting their
growth and development. It guarantees loans to the small businesses through
lending of businesses partners to them. It does not award loans to the
entrepreneurs directly but it ensures that they get the amount which is
necessary for facilitating their development.
Small
Business Administration has entrusted the United States Bank with the
responsibility of lending loans to entrepreneurs in order to promote their
operations. It also recommends them to other financial institutions and
economic development organizations in order to obtain mutual benefit from each
other. It ensures that the loans awarded involve the least risks to the
lenders. This enables them to avoid losses which may be incurred through
offering losses to unfruitful entrepreneurs who may find it difficult to repay
them.
Moreover,
it ensures that the small businesses are awarded adequate amounts which would
help them in promoting their transactions. This promotes the percentage of
benefits which the entrepreneurs would be able to achieve through utilizing the
availed funds. However, for an enterprise to qualify for being awarded the
loans, it should be a profit-making organization. Its size is also considered
to make sure that it meets the set requirements by the agency. Moreover, before
awarding of loans, the financial standings of the organizations are
investigated in order to determine whether they qualify for loans or not(Metrick, 2007).
Advantages of Small Business Administration Loans
i)
Lower Down Payments
The
Small Business Administration ensures that the loans are charged lower initial
payback amounts in order to give the entrepreneurs amble time for generation of
profits. Therefore, they are favorable to small businesses since they allow
adequate time for the entrepreneurs to benefit from them without struggling to
pay back. The down payments are affordable to many entrepreneurs hence ensuring
that they benefit many of them.
ii)
Awarding of High Amount
These
loans are calculated to fund approximately ninety percent of business
operations of a particular organization. This is adequate amount which can be
used to promote operations of thesmall businesses hence making them to become
successful. The Small Business Administration guarantees loans which amount up
to $11.25 million for any qualified entrepreneur.
iii)
Longer Repayment Terms
The
main motive of the Small Business Administration is not to generate profits
from the transactions of the entrepreneurs. It focuses on helping them to
develop their businesses. Therefore, they allow them to take up to a period of
twenty five years before paying back the loans. This is aimed at ensuring that
they do not interfere with the success of the entrepreneurs through making them
to strain in repaying the loans. Moreover, it ensures that the entrepreneurs
use the profits which they generate to repay the loans. This ensures that all
business operations run smoothly.
Types
of Small Business Administration Loans
The
American federal agency guarantees loans of five types in order to ensure that
they cover a wide range of business needs. These loans are offered by the
United States Bank to the for-profit businesses. They range from $25 000 to
$11.25 million depending on the size of the borrowing organization(Kieso, 2007). It provides loans
for the following business operations;
i)
Commercial Real Estate Transactions
This
type of loans is awarded to the investors who are interested in conducting real
estate purchases. They are provided with funds which would enable them to
develop rental, or vocational homes. A certain percentage of the rent which is
collected from the houses is used to repay the loans after the agreed period.
They are useful to many investors since real estate purchases require high
initial capital which becomes a challenge to many investors hence affecting the
success of the businesses.
ii)
Business Acquisition or Expansion
Some
Small Business Entrepreneurs may be interested in purchasing other business
enterprises, or expanding the operations of the ones which they already have.
They require funds in order to accomplish their dreams. However, the profits
which they generate from their daily transactions may not be adequate to
facilitate the development plans. They require loans in order to accomplish
their interests. Therefore, the Small Business Administration intervenes to
guarantee loans for these entrepreneurs in order to support their projects.
iii)
Construction
This
type of loans is awarded to the business persons who engage in construction
projects. For instance, some constructors opt to apply for loans in order to
purchase the required materials for construction before being paid by their
employers. They enable construction projects to be completed within short
periods since they make funds available for catering for all expenses incurred.
They can be repaid after completion of the construction projects.
iv)
Working Capital
The
Small Business Administration connects entrepreneurs with partners in order to
provide funds for them to purchase the required equipment to support their
businesses. Moreover, entrepreneurs require investing more capital into their
businesses in order to maximize their profits. They may not have the funds
hence making them to seek loans from the financial institutions. They can also
obtain loans from the United States Bank which is the most preferred
institution for offering Small Business Administration Loans.
v)
Debt Repayment
Many
Business enterprises in other nations are forced to terminate their operations
due to bankruptcy. However, the United States government ensures that the
selected federal agency takes care of the needs of small businesses in order to
ensure that they do not run bankrupt. It guarantees loans which are aimed at
enabling them to settle their debts with ease. This promotes healthy business
practices since entrepreneurs are provided with favorable environment for
conducting business without being disturbed by chaotic lenders(Berezin, 2005).
b) Master
Limited Partnerships
Master
Limited Partnerships are traded publicly whereby they involve two types of
partners. They involve limited partners which provide capital to the Master
Limited Partnerships and in return get awarded income distributions. These
distributions are provided quarterly hence providing funds to the people who
invested their amount into the partnerships. Therefore, business organizations
can choose to invest some of their profits in these partnerships in order to
obtain benefits in return. The quarterly distributions are divided according to
the percentage of investment hence the more an entrepreneur invests, the large
the amount he receives in return.
They
also involve general partners who are held liable for managing the practices of
the Master Limited Partnerships. They provide any emergency requirements for
ensuring welfare of the partnership and receive compensations in return. They
have more managerial duties than the limited partners who concentrate in
investing their financial resources only. The general partners represent the
Master Limited Partnerships in most organizational levels and oversee its
overall performance.
However,
for businesses to qualify being regarded as Master Limited Partnerships, they
must prove to the American Government that approximately ninety percent of
their income generation comes from natural resources, or real estate
investments.They evade corporate income taxation from both the state and the
federal levels because they are classified as partnerships.Entrepreneurs who operate
under busy time schedules are advised to become limited partners in order to
avoid bearing of extra managerial responsibilities.
Benefits
of Master Limited Partnerships
i)
High Profits
Master
Limited Partnerships result to high yields which make many entrepreneurs to get
attracted to the investment. They mostly provide profits ranging between 6% and
7% of the total investment. This can be used as a way of funding businesses
since the income obtained from the partnerships can be used to expand private
businesses.
ii)
Consistency in Awarding Distributions
These
partnerships allow distributions to be made quarterly hence making it easy for
the investors to predict the amount they are likely to receive. Therefore, it
makes it possible for the entrepreneurs to plan for future business
transactions depending on the amount they would get from the distributions. It
also involves little unexpected expenses since the entrepreneurs are sure of
the amount they would receive hence budgeting it effectively(Metrick, 2007).
iii)
Tax Exceptions
The
Master Limited Partnerships protect the partners from being double-taxed. For
the corporate investors, they are taxed both at corporate level, and at
individual level. However, for the Master Limited Partners, tax is only levied
on their distributions. Therefore, they are protected from paying the corporate
taxes hence saving a lot of money. This amount can be used to boost their
business operations. This initiative has encouraged many entrepreneurs within
the United States to starting investing in Master Limited Partnerships.
iv)
Lower Capital Requirement
The
Master Limited Partnerships require little capital in initiating development
projects since they are not bound to paying a lot of taxes like the registered
corporations. This enables them to grow rapidly since they find it easy
engaging in development projects. They require little capital which can be
obtained from their transactions hence eliminating the need for applying for
business loans.
c) New
York City Tax Forgiveness Start-ups
The
State Government of New York City introduced a tax forgiveness program in order
to encourage entrepreneurs to invest more. This program was announced by Mayor
Michael R. Bloomberg in 2012. According to a report which was compiled by the
American Department of Labor (2012), the State government had helped more than
25,000 entrepreneurs to start and grow their business within a period of three
years.
Rob
Walsh, the Commissioner of New York Department of Small Business Services, said
that between 2011 and 2012, the program had helped more than 1 200 families to
secure jobs. This program involved allowing the new entrepreneurs to start
their businesses and operate for a period of ten years without paying taxes.This
motivated many potential entrepreneurs to start businesses hence improving the
economy of the State.It was an effective way of financing businesses which was initiated
by the State Government. It ensures that the entrepreneurs are given amble for
generating enough profits which would be used to pay theirtaxes in future.
Moreover, it enables businesses to have adequate period for learning the market
needs in order to become successful before starting to pay taxes(Jaffe, 2008).
This
program was devised after realization that most of the businesses in New York
City became unsuccessful due to levying of high taxes by the State Government.
Therefore, it was introduced in order to provide job opportunities for the New
York Veterans. It helped many entrepreneurs to generate adequate income which
would be used to cater for the business expenses and boost their transactions.
Differences among the three Ways of Financing
Businesses
Business
financing through the Small Business Administration Loans provides funds to
entrepreneurs without having to force them to invest some of their capital in
the program. They are helped by the federal agency to acquire loans from the
trusted financial institutions. The agency gets involved in protecting both the
welfare of the borrowers, and the lenders.
However,
financing through Master Limited Partnerships requires the entrepreneurs to
invest some of the capital in the organization in order to generate income in
return. Unlike the Small Business Administration financing, the Master Limited
Partnerships do not require lending of money. They allow the entrepreneurs to
invest their capital in ownership of the partnerships in order to earn
quarterly distributions in return. Therefore, each entrepreneur can easily
predict the amount which he is likely to obtain from the partnership. However,
in Small Business Administration Loans, profit generation is determined by the
extent to which the loans were invested in transactions.
In
Master Limited Partnerships, entrepreneurs are awarded opportunities to choose
the kind of partners they want to become depending on their willingness to bear
business responsibilities(Kieso, 2007).
This differs from the other ways of business financing since entrepreneurs are
entirely responsible for their fate in business. However, the New York City tax
forgiveness start-ups programbenefitsthe new entrepreneurs mostly. It ensures
that they are awarded amble time to learn the market patterns and generate
adequate capital which will help them to cater for the expenses of their
businesses. This method of business financing does not involve providing
additional funds to the entrepreneurs. It focuses on providing favorable
environment for the new entrepreneurs to succeed in business. This is achieved
through reducing the burden of tax expenses for them for a period of ten years.
It helps entrepreneurs to gain enough experience on how to survivecompetitions,
and stabilize their businesses.
Difference betweenVenture Capitalists and Angel
Investors
Venture
Capitalists are people who provide funds for an already developed business in
order to boost its practices, and acquire profits in return. They are only
interested in making profits from the amount they provide. Therefore, they
consider funding the promising businesses in order to ensure that they bear
little risks(Ante, 2008).
On
the other hand, Angel Investors are people who fund a business during its
initial stage of development in order to help it to grow. They mostly get
involved in the businesses which they have passion in in order monitor their
progress keenly. Angel Investors take more risk than the Venture Capitalists.
This is because they invest their resources in businesses which they do not
know whether they will survive market competitions or not. Moreover, they do
not provide financial resources only. They provide all the necessary resources
which the businesses require in order to make their operations successful. They
also take long periods before starting to enjoy profits from their investments
since they have to wait until the businesses stabilize their operations.
However,
the Venture Capitalists investigate the performance of a certain business in
order to determine its likelihood of becoming successful before funding them.They
are only committed to investing their financial resources in order to support
business practices whereby they are assured of securing profits in return. They
start investing after the businesses pass the stage of being funded by Angel
Investors. Therefore, they are assured of starting to enjoy profits from their
investments after short a period since the businesses would have already
stabilized their practices.
The
Angel Investors are bound to providing advice to the business managers in order
to support its operations. Moreover, they are involved in decision making process
of the crucial matters affecting the business(Berezin, 2005). They are also
entitled to monitoring progress of the business in order to ensure that the
proper amendments are made concerning its policy in order to promote its
success.
However,
the Venture Capitalists are only interested in the income generation of the
targeted business. They do not provide any other help to the business apart
from financial assistance. They ensure that they fully benefit from their
investments without bearing a lot of risks. Therefore, they have fewer
responsibilities compared to the Angel Investors who oversee the overall
business progress.They are also not involved in most of the decision making
processes except where they would be directly affected by the changes being
anticipated for. They are majorly concerned with maximization of their profit
generation rather than the overall practice of the business.
Conclusion
Businesses
require adequate capital in order to support their practices and expand their
transactions. In most cases, new businesses lack adequate capital for
supporting their operations.They require financial support from other
individuals and organizations. Therefore, they need to establish good
relationships with the potential investors in order to acquire the required
funds.
The
Government of the United States has established mechanisms for taking care of
the needs of the new entrepreneurs. They act as incentives which encourage more
potential entrepreneurs to establish businesses. The State Government of the
New York City has introduced a tax exemption program in order to enable the new
entrepreneurs to reduce their expenses while conducting business.
This
has enabled many entrepreneurs to establish business since they are allowed
amble time for making enough profits before starting to pay taxes. The
generated profits would be used to cater for the business expenses, and also
boost their transactions.
Moreover,
the Small Business Administration of the United States protects the welfare of
entrepreneurs within the nation. It enables them to acquire partners, and link
others with financial organizations from where they would obtain business
loans. It also intervenes in order to ensure that both the lenders and
borrowers benefit from each other mutually.This is achieved through
recommending borrowers to the trusted lenders in order to ensure that they do
not violate the terms of agreement after awarding of the loans. It also
guarantees security of the lenders’ money through investigating the financial
standing of the borrowers before allowing them to be awarded the loans.
Other
entrepreneurs opt to engage in master limited partnerships in order to generate
income from the amount theyinvest. They prefer this method of business
financing in order to avoid paying corporate taxes which might become a setback
towards their success. In this method, their commitment towards investing
determines their success inincome generation. This makes them fully responsible
for their fate in business.
Entrepreneurs
opt to choose different alternatives of investing their resources in order to
ensure maximization of their profits.Some prefer being Angel Investors in order
to secure more profits after helping businesses to become successful while
others choose to become Venture Capitalists. The Angel Investors are inclined
to bearing a lot of risks which are associated with the progress of the businesses.
However, Venture Capitalists are usually keen not to bear a lot of risks in
their investments. They only target the promising businesses in order to lower
their likelihood of incurring losses.
Therefore,
other governments should emulate practices which would enable entrepreneurs
within their territories to become successful. They should focus on ensuring
that the new entrepreneurs are helped in coping with the market changes in
order to stabilize their operations. They should also protect their rights in
order to ensure that they do not get oppressed by chaotic lenders who might
choose to violate the terms of agreement in awarding loans.
Work Cited
Ante, S. (2008). Creative Capital: Georges Doriot
and the Birth of Venture Capital. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press.
Berezin. (2005). Emotions and the Economy in Smelser.
Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hadzima, J. (2010). All Financing Sources Are Not Equal. Boston
Business Journal, 34-67.
Jaffe, R. a. (2008). Corporate Finance. New York:
McGraw-Hill Publishing.
Kieso, D. a. (2007). Intermediate Accounting. New
York: John Wiley & Sons.
Loewen, J. (2008). Money Magnet: Attract Investors to Your
Business. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Metrick, a. A. (2007). Venture Capital and the Finance of
Innovation. New York: John & Sons.